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There are other types of shaders depending on hardware and Operating Systems. GLSL stands for openGL Shading Language, which is the specific standard of shader programs you'll see in the following chapters.

That means extra fast trigonometrical and matrix operations - as fast as electricity can go. This works the same at higher resolutions - the more parallel hardware you have, the bigger the stream it can manage.Īnother “super power” of the GPU is special math functions accelerated via hardware, so complicated math operations are resolved directly by the microchips instead of by software. But a table of 800圆00 tiny pipes receiving 30 waves of 480,000 pixels a second can be handled smoothly. 14,400,000 ping pong balls a second can obstruct almost any pipe. Picture the tiny microprocessors as a table of pipes, and the data of each pixel as a ping pong ball. That’s what a Graphic Processor Unit (GPU) is. Instead of having a couple of big and powerful microprocessors, or pipes, it is smarter to have lots of tiny microprocessors running in parallel at the same time. This is when parallel processing becomes a good solution. How do graphics engineers solve this problem? In a modern 2880x1800 retina display running at 60 frames per second that calculation adds up to 311,040,000 calculations per second. Individually each pixel task isn't an issue for the CPU, but (and here is the problem) the tiny task has to be done to each pixel on the screen! That means in an old 800圆00 screen, 480,000 pixels have to processed per frame which means 14,400,000 calculations per second! Yes! That’s a problem big enough to overload a microprocessor. Each pixel on the screen represents a simple small task. Let's go back to our metaphor of the pipes and tasks. Every single pixel on the screen needs to be computed, and in 3D games geometries and perspectives need to be calculated as well. Because of their graphic content they have to do huge numbers of pixel-by-pixel operations. Video games and other graphic applications require a lot more processing power than other programs. Modern computers usually have groups of four processors that work like these pipes, completing tasks one after another to keep things running smoothly.

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Because of the architecture of computers the jobs are forced to run in a series each job has to be finished one at a time. We say they require more processing power. Some tasks are bigger than others, which means they require more time and energy to deal with. Imagine the CPU of your computer as a big industrial pipe, and every task as something that passes through it - like a factory line. To answer this, I present the wonders of parallel processing. Like a type press, your program will work as a function that receives a position and returns a color, and when it's compiled it will run extraordinarily fast.

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That means the code you write has to behave differently depending on the position of the pixel on the screen. Shaders are also a set of instructions, but the instructions are executed all at once for every single pixel on the screen.

That process is very similar to writing a letter or a book by hand - it is a set of instructions that do one task after another. If you already have experience making drawings with computers, you know that in that process you draw a circle, then a rectangle, a line, some triangles until you compose the image you want. Why? And more importantly: what's a shader? In the previous chapter we described shaders as the equivalent of the Gutenberg press for graphics. Getting started What is a fragment shader?

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